It is time-consuming to solve these equations, due not only to the large number of equations, but also to the very small time-steps required for high frequencies.
The interpretation of (1) is that the CSH at time t times the length d t of a very (infinitesimally) small time interval equals the conditional probability of making an 0 → j transition within that very small time interval [ t, t + d t).
All computations were done under isobaric conditions, and, to capture the influence of all the reactions involved in the mechanism, a very small time step was used.
In this bi-directional coupled approach, the computational expenditure of the full model is overwhelmed by the high-fidelity DEM algorithm that needs to solve a set of ODEs for each and every particle being handled in the system for very small time intervals.
This confines the integration of the transgene in a very small time window.
Therefore, energy storage system, i.e., Redox Flow Battery (RFB), is used for improvement of the dynamic response of the system which has very small time constant and quick response.
It is possible that the overall evolutionary response of the nematode, even over very small time scales (a few generations) requires coordinated changes among a wide array of genes, and those changes in turn may require reinforcing changes in an even wider array of functionally connected genetic components.
As a consequence, the DSA runs faster than SIA in chemically difficult cases (i.e., highly non-linear and/or very retarded), because the SIA may require very small time steps to converge.
However, the state equation is still discretized in a very small time step to approximate the effect of continuous dynamics in [41].
Meanwhile, it is also numerically illustrated that the discontinuity problem can be overcome by performing a very small time step immediately upon termination of the applied impulse.
