In one neighborhood built on coal-mine tailings, the urinary 1-HP content in children was weakly but positively associated with the PAH content in the upper soil layer of the garden of their homes.
By exposing Ag nanoparticles to soil solution extracted from the upper soil horizon of a floodplain soil, the mobility of the resulting "soil-aged" Ag nanoparticles was investigated and compared with the mobility of citrate-coated Ag nanoparticles as investigated in an earlier study.
Bromacil was preferentially accumulated in the upper soil layers of the sludge-amended field as compared with the control field after 500 mm irrigation.
First, the soil water of the upper soil layer near the interface of two land use units moved from the irrigated land use unit to the non-irrigated one under soil water potential gradients through physical diffusion (the lateral water flow rate was less than 1 cm d−1).
Here, the lengths and diameters of the root tips growing within the upper soil horizon, close to the base of mature trees, were 1 10 mm and 0.2 0.3 mm, respectively.
Furthermore, the recorded Green's functions also included information about the linear response of the upper soil.
Pile foundations are usually used when the conditions of the upper soil layers are weak and unable to support the super-structural loads.
Although the available water capacity of the upper soil is lower at Schlossberg (i.e. soils are shallow), the local chalk bedrock shows a fine texture with relatively high silt and clay contents and is full of fissures.
Such nurse communities may buffer the more variable and extreme conditions of regularly disturbed grassland, shrubland and agricultural cropland, and add litter to the site that ameliorates the nutrient and moisture content of the upper soil layer.
In the presence of PF, the soil temperature was first (half to one hour) governed by the rainwater temperature, then (more than one hour) governed by the upper soil temperature; in the absence of PF (only matrix flow, MF), the soil temperature was initially governed by the upper soil temperature, then by the rainwater temperature.
