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Many of the underlying estimates are necessarily somewhat speculative; nobody really knows, for instance, what solar power will cost once it finally becomes a large-scale proposition.
Applying the criterion based on the estimation of Eq. (1) results in the classification of education programmes into narrow and broad ones, as indicated by the check marks in Table 2 (for the underlying estimates, see Table 4 in "Appendix 1").
Four years ago, on Pollster.com, we gathered all of the official tabulations posted as polls closed and extrapolated the underlying estimates of the outcome for each state.
In addition to simply being a more accurate presentation of scientific knowledge, such quantification could dramatically increase the value of the underlying estimates in several ways.
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The underlying idea is that motion estimates within t−1/t0 ("past frame pair") will fail to calculate the correct optic flow for the image regions containing occlusions.
UBS reduced its target price with a neutral rating, and also pointed to the pension deficit as a concern: Our underlying estimates are broadly unchanged and in-line with consensus estimates.
Forest aboveground biomass is therefore an attribute of great interest for the forest management community, but the accuracy of aboveground biomass maps depends on the accuracy of the underlying field estimates used to calibrate models.
And even then, take the underlying vote estimates with big grains of salt.
And even then, take the underlying vote estimates with big grains of salt….as tools to predict the outcome of close races just before the polls close, they are blunt instruments at best.
This requires sophisticated statistical techniques, usually involving Bayesian models, to smooth the underlying risk estimates because the data are typically sparse.
The pairwise IBD matrix obtained by PLINK [ 60] based on genome wide SNP data most likely underestimated the relatedness among bulls because the underlying algorithm estimates population allele frequencies from a presumably unrelated sample.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com