This phenomenon has been referred to as the truth effect.
We conducted two experiments to assess the plasticity of the truth effect under different contextual conditions.
However, we replicated the truth effect when changing the judgment task at initial statement exposure or when using an interval of one week rather than ten minutes.
Two experiments found that the truth effect and the mere-exposure effect were strongly moderated by whether mixed lists or only repeated items were used at the test phase: whereas strong effects occurred in a context of repeated and non-repeated stimuli, the effects vanished with only repeated stimuli.
There was no objective truth, only the truth-effects engendered by the workings of power and the instabilities of language.
"Investigating the Robustness of the Illusory Truth Effect across Individual Differences in Cognitive Ability, Need for Cognitive Closure, and Cognitive Style". De keersmaecker, Jonas, David Dunning, Gordon Pennycook, David G. Rand, Carmen Sanchez, Christian Unkelbach, and Arne Roets, MIT Sloan Working Paper 5763-19.
Among others: "the illusory truth effect" – repetition increases belief; "the confirmation bias" – we seek out information that confirms our pre-existing beliefs; "the continuous influence effect" – the tendency to believe false information even after it has been corrected and "the bias blind spot' – the tendency to see yourself as less biased than other people.
The Trump campaign did so through the illusory truth effect, a thinking error in our minds that happens when false statements are repeated many times and we begin to see them as true.
In fact, much of the advertising industry is based on using the illusory truth effect to get us to buy more goods.
The illusory truth effect was used extensively by Trump throughout the campaign.
The illusory truth effect is a consequence of this cognitive bias.
