These agreements authorise the transfer of data outside of Europe.
Others may be forced to stop the transfer of data to the US until they have.
"Governments should permit the transfer of data and should not inhibit access by companies or individuals to lawfully available information that is stored outside of the country.
The European Commission has thrown its weight behind new European Parliament proposals for rules governing the transfer of data from Europe to America and demanded that the forthcoming summit finalise the new regime by next spring.
Advocates of tighter surveillance hope the bill will give the state more uniform powers to sanction phone and internet companies that do not cooperate and lead to a speeding-up in the transfer of data between jurisdictions.
As internet and communications scholar Nicholas John has argued, when companies such as Facebook characterize the transfer of data to advertisers as a positive kind of "sharing", they simultaneously mask and "mystify relationships that are in fact purely commercial".
Mr. Zucker compared the parallel architecture of P.C.I. to cars on a multilane highway waiting for one another before proceeding through the toll booth at the same time, causing delays in the transfer of data.
He made clear there would be no prompt halt to the transfer of data to the US, noting there were several other "mechanisms" that could be invoked to keep the electronic traffic flowing.
It ordered Microsoft to license the Windows computer code that controls the transfer of data, making it possible for competitors to connect to the company's server products -- not to license the Windows operating system.
The directive therefore provides for a ban on the transfer of data about people in the EU to third countries that do not have "adequate" protection.
Called H.P. Privacy Advisor, the software will handle the transfer of data between H.P. offices within Europe as well as to those outside of the Union.
