For example, the underlying biological system contains processes at timescales ranging from seconds to hours, whereas the phenotypical characteristics develop at a timescale ranging from days to weeks in mice.
LSM, coupled with chemical clearing procedures to render the brain transparent (Becker et al., 2012; Chung et al., 2013), permits reconstruction of the whole mouse brain with micron-scale resolution in a timescale ranging from hours to a few days (Dodt et al., 2007).
These timescales range from decades for significant human health risk to 0.5 Myr for D. radiodurans lethality.
Timescales range from seconds to several thousands of seconds [ 235] and deformations far from the linear regime can be obtained.
The growth of legacy emissions reflects the fully-coupled biogeochemical cycle of mercury, where anthropogenic mercury is released from short and long lived reservoirs in terrestrial ecosystems and the oceans over timescales ranging from months to millennia.
Plants have evolved many mechanisms that are involved in responses to changes in their growth conditions, ranging from long-term developmental processes that affect the morphology or physiology of the whole plant or individual leaves [ 25, 49], to adjustments in the functioning of individual proteins within the photosynthetic apparatus, operating on timescales ranging from seconds to hours [ 50].
The thermosphere is known to respond closely to solar forcing at various timescales ranging from the solar cycle to a few minutes during solar flares (e.g., Liu et al. 2005, 2007).
We only determined and summed the wavelet coefficients within dyadic timescales ranging from 21 (hourly) to 216 (~4 years) because of the unreliability of the wavelet coefficients associated with longer timescales (217 or ~8 years) as in a previous study (Stoy et al. 2005).
The collected data afford the definition and characterization of aggregated contact networks [16], [21], [22] between individuals over arbitrary timescales, ranging from the finest time resolution of 20 seconds up to the entire duration of the event.
This chapter aims to summarize the variety of approaches used to simulate river and floodplain morphodynamics over timescales ranging from individual floods through to the periods of several millennia.
