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It has also been found possible to obtain information about the time of formation of the radioactive elements.
X-ray spectrometers, electron microscopes, and microprobes are employed to determine crystal structure and composition, from which temperature and pressure conditions at the time of formation can be inferred.
Salpeter hypothesized that there might exist a time-independent function, the so-called formation function, which would describe the general initial distribution of luminosities, taking into account all stars at the time of formation.
Such a narrow time frame suggests that the chemistry of the oceans and atmosphere at the time of formation differed greatly from that of the present (in today's ocean, iron is virtually insoluble because the oxidizing atmosphere causes the precipitation of insoluble ferric iron compounds).
Consequently, investigators believe that the formation function, as derived by Salpeter, is a reasonable representation of the distribution of star luminosities at the time of formation, even though they are not certain that the assumption of a uniform rate of formation of stars can be precisely true or that the rate is uniform throughout a galaxy.
The variation in the time of formation of AgNPs owes to the phytoconstituents present in the plant extracts used for the synthesis.
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The times of formation and extinction of gene families are random variables with unknown distributions.
The governing body has met infrequently since it was reconstituted at the time of the formation of the academy.
As Pielke noted at the time of its formation, "The bottom line is that FIFA's 'Independent Good Governance Committee' is far from independent".
Dave Prentis was Unison's deputy general secretary from the time of its formation, in 1993, and has been general secretary since 2000.
The expression of "sporophytic" genes must therefore be repressed in the gametophyte, probably from the time of spore formation (sporogenesis).
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