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The test atmosphere contained 500 ppm HCl, 600 ppm H2S, 20% H2O, 5% CO, and Ar as a balance.
Two module types, based on a linear or radial feed of the test atmosphere to the test system, were used for these studies.
The effects of the test atmosphere on their tribological behaviour against 319 Al and tungsten carbide (WC) were investigated by performing pin-on-disc tests in vacuum (6.65 × 10− 3 Pa), nitrogen, and air with humidity levels varying from 0 to 85% RH.
In the glass modules, the aerosol is guided linearly above the module and the sampling points for the test atmosphere are arranged in succession.
The experimental setup to realize a direct contact between the cells and the test atmosphere differs considerably in the different systems, which are listed in Table 4.
The exposure of cells under conventional submerged conditions, mostly with soluble test substances, shows a variety of shortcomings like the interference of the test atmosphere with medium components, unrealistic exposure conditions including uncertain effective doses for gases and particles.
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The distinct effect of the test atmospheres on the internal structure and chemistry of these films dominantly influence the interacting forces during the sliding interfaces.
At nominal TPM concentrations of 150 mg/m, an increase in the formaldehyde concentration in the test atmospheres was observed that was dependent on the sugar application level.
Comprehensive characterizations of the test atmospheres were performed according to the respective guidelines and OECD guidance documents (ECHA 2012; Hussain et al. 2009).
The concentrations of formaldehyde but not those of acet-aldehyde or acrolein in the test atmospheres increased with increasing sugar application levels.
Again, formaldehyde concentrations in the test atmospheres were found to increase with increasing honey application levels in the test cigarettes, while there was no effect on the other aldehydes determined.
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