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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
the system under which
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase "the system under which" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used to describe the conditions or framework that govern a particular situation or process. Example: "The system under which the organization operates has been in place for over a decade."
✓ Grammatically correct
News & Media
Science
Encyclopedias
Alternative expressions(20)
the means by which
modalities by which
the route to
directions by which
modes by which
the environment under which
the process through which
the way that
decision by which
approach by which
method by which
operation by which
the mechanism through which
how
way in which
procedures by which
the procedure for
manner in which
the manner in which
instruments by which
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
49 human-written examples
The system under which he was charged applies to England and Wales only.
News & Media
The system under which illegal immigrants labor, without hope of assimilation, is not any less broken.
News & Media
Much attention will focus on the system under which surveillance warrants are authorised.
News & Media
The treaty scraps the system under which the union's presidency rotates among member states every six months.
News & Media
But it seems rash for him to dismiss the system, under which 1.3 billion people live and work, as nonsense.
News & Media
Beyond these limiting factors, the system under which the Food and Drug Administration establishes tolerances has obvious defects.
News & Media
Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources
Similar Expressions
9 human-written examples
The new laws could alter the present system, under which the president selects the commission's head and controls his funds.
News & Media
Robert Kitson Gloucester 22-25 ExeTherehere is a move to end the play-off system in the Championship and revert to the old system under which the team that finished first were promoted, subject to meeting the entry criteria.
News & Media
The new regulatory regime will replace the current system, under which the press is self-regulated voluntarily through the Press Complaints Commission.
News & Media
On the other, the adviser said, the finance council did not approve of the current system, under which a victim calls the diocese, which records the case and then pays for treatment by a therapist of the victim's choosing.
News & Media
It added that the present system, under which the dollar acts as the world's reserve currency, should be subject to a wholesale reconsideration.
News & Media
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
When using "the system under which", ensure clarity by specifying what the system governs immediately after the phrase. For example, "the system under which contracts are awarded" provides a clear context.
Common error
Avoid using "the system under which" without clearly defining the system being referenced. Vague references can confuse readers and weaken your writing. Always provide specific context.
Source & Trust
84%
Authority and reliability
4.5/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "the system under which" functions as a prepositional phrase introducing a relative clause that modifies a preceding noun (typically "system"). It specifies the framework, rules, or conditions that govern a particular situation or process, as shown in Ludwig's examples.
Frequent in
News & Media
65%
Science
15%
Encyclopedias
8%
Less common in
Formal & Business
4%
Wiki
3%
Reference
0%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
In summary, "the system under which" is a versatile phrase used to describe the rules, procedures, or framework governing a particular situation. As Ludwig AI confirms, it is grammatically correct and widely used, particularly in news, scientific, and encyclopedic contexts. To ensure clarity, always specify what the system governs and avoid vague references. Consider alternatives like "the framework in which" or "the mechanism by which" to add variety to your writing. This phrase is best suited for neutral to formal contexts, contributing to clear and informative communication.
More alternative expressions(6)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
the framework in which
Replaces "system" with "framework", emphasizing the structural nature of the governing conditions.
the mechanism by which
Substitutes "system" with "mechanism", focusing on the process or method involved.
the process through which
Emphasizes the sequential steps or progression within the governing structure.
the structure whereby
Uses "structure" instead of "system" and "whereby" as a more formal alternative to "under which".
the method according to which
Replaces "system" with "method", highlighting the specific approach used, and uses "according to which" for a more formal tone.
the guidelines within which
Focuses on the specific rules or principles governing a situation.
the protocol under which
Emphasizes a set of formal rules or procedures.
the regime in which
Implies a governing authority or set of rules, often with political or authoritative connotations.
the arrangement by which
Highlights the agreed-upon terms or conditions.
the format wherein
Focuses on the specific structure or layout in which something occurs, using "wherein" for a more formal style.
FAQs
How can I use "the system under which" in a sentence?
Use "the system under which" to describe the rules, procedures, or framework that governs a particular process or situation. For example, "The treaty scraps the system under which the union's presidency rotates among member states every six months."
What are some alternatives to "the system under which"?
Alternatives include "the framework in which", "the mechanism by which", or "the process through which" depending on the specific context.
Is "the system under which" formal or informal?
"The system under which" is generally considered neutral to formal, suitable for academic, professional, and news contexts. More informal alternatives may exist for casual conversation.
What is the difference between "the system under which" and "the arrangement under which"?
"The system under which" generally implies a more structured or formal set of rules and procedures, while "the arrangement under which" suggests a more flexible or negotiated agreement.
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Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
84%
Authority and reliability
4.5/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested