The operating system borrows some crucial features from iOS, the mobile software powering the iPhone and iPad, while introducing some improvements, like faster Web browsing in Safari and stronger integration with iCloud, Apple's cloud service.
In fact, two years after Marshall wrote his opinion, the Conservative government of Margaret Thatcher abolished peremptory challenges in the United Kingdom, where the American system borrowed the concept from in the first place.
The stability system borrows advanced controls from Honda's Asimo humanoid robot, with faster reactions and an ability to make automatic steering corrections to counter skids.
R. David Rousseau, the state treasurer, said that many of New Jersey's current fiscal problems are the result of previous administrations shortchanging the pension system, borrowing heavily and diverting resources from funds like the unemployment account even when the state economy was in good shape.
In a meta-analysis by Eisenberger and Leiberman out of UCLA, the authors state that "It has been suggested that, in mammalian species, the social attachment system borrowed the computations of the pain system to prevent the potentially harmful consequences of social separation".
Instead, he relies on the buddy system, borrowing a friend's cellphone when necessary.
Systems already exist from third-parties, but most of these are clip-ons, and the bayonet system borrowed from DSLRs and mirrorless cameras would make for more convenience, more security and better image quality using the lenses you can swap in and out, all of which Apple cites as benefits in the patent itself.
This ho khau system borrows heavily from China's hukou, which was developed in the years after the Communists took power in 1949.
But Mr. McCall issued a report saying that the budget calls for a series of de facto borrowing items, including delaying payments to the city pension system, borrowing money to pay for short-term World Trade Center costs, and using the reserves of the Municipal Assistance Corporation.
A response to the changes on the part of the vice-chancellor was to introduce a new budget system borrowed from the institutional environment.
In the more competitive new system, borrowing costs fell.
