The subtext of the public exchange between the two leaders was the subversive effects of a free market on a controlled socialist society -- something the Chinese and the Vietnamese call "peaceful evolution".
China and Russia have seen eye to eye on opposing what they see as the subversive effects of such ideas, which they believe the West is promoting in order to weaken them.
As Smith levelly acknowledges, the most impactful relationship between the secret state and writers during these years was not in any subversive effect the latter had on the former: rather, it was the way in which the former provided career boosts to the latter.
They all also consider, to sometimes subversive effect, the traditional balance of power within families, particularly between husbands and wives.
Oliver Jeffers makes gimmicky paintings, occasionally borrowing the midcentury Situationist technique of détournement — that is, painting on found paintings in an act of creative disfiguring — but to much less subversive effect than the master of the form, Asger Jorn.
The burnings of Story of O by American campus feminists in the 1980s have, it seems, had a less enduring and subversive effect than the book itself.
Tom Ford, a man who knows a thing or two about what makes clothes sexy, used the sweater-girl iconography to subversive effect in his film A Single Man, by dressing the young Nicholas Hoult in a white mohair boat-neck sweater.
At the same time, the idea of the universe as a mechanism governed by a few simple and discoverable laws had a subversive effect on the concepts of a personal God and individual salvation that were central to Christianity.
Seeing these dark and desperate thoughts spliced between cheery ads for banks and beer should create a genuinely subversive effect, but the project's trajectory was not without its own frustrations.
She thinks that there is even the possibility for the ultra-cheap device – which has connectors for a keyboard, display, network and USB devices such as a hard drive – to have a "subversive" effect on the entire PC industry.
