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Frictions make statutes and regulations difficult to change, even when market changes have already altered the substantive effects of the current regime.
While that case represented a major shift in US supreme court doctrine, however, the substantive effects of the shift have been relatively modest – and make the New York and Connecticut regulations plausibly constitutional.
But when the substantive effects and political realities of large-scale reductions are examined, it becomes clear that there would not be sufficient savings to reduce tax rates and also cut the deficit.
We selected a limited number of scenarios in order to focus on a manageable number of questions and to investigate the substantive effects.
We recognise that there are other potential IPT drug candidates that we have not included, nevertheless, the contrasting characteristics of these two drugs demonstrate the substantive effects.
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The results of the STICH viability substudy are probably not a reflection of the modality of viability testing used, but rather an indication of the substantive effect of optimal medical therapy.
9 The substantive effect of filing is limited and applies only in states which have adopted Revised Article 8. Since the effect of filing is a unique state law matter, in this one area, Treasury has determined that possible lack of uniformity does not justify altering state law.
Finally, we also investigated the longer run implications of job loss for mental health by re-estimating our main specifications including a measure of job loss lagged one period.9 In almost all cases, the substantive effect of recent job loss remains virtually unchanged and there is no evidence of long-term mental health effects of spousal and parental job loss.
We believe that our procedure allows for the subjective assessment of the validity of observed correlations without removing the substantive effect of the variables considered.
However, it was never assessed whether absorption of antibacterial agents in plaque could substantially contribute to the observed substantive effects in addition to their adsorption to oral surfaces.
The risk of substantive effects occurring, however, is high.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com