Despite the substantial flow of foreign tourists to the French capital, this revenue drain has an adverse effect on regional unemployment.
We use the metaphor branching career pipeline to describe this substantial flow of PhD-trained scientists into various sectors of the workforce, and propose that this branching should be seen as a valuable opportunity for spreading science throughout society.
However, there is no empirical evidence of any substantial flows of medicine from LMI countries to high-income countries [ 12].
Finally, the state's economic recovery generated a substantial flow of private investments into the real estate market.
The entry of hundreds of thousands of farm workers provided camouflage for a substantial flow of undocumented labour.Nonetheless, the logic of temporary migration appears irresistible.
All of this should guarantee a substantial flow of tourists, but Yemen remains a troubled place, enough so that the number of foreign visitors plunged after the Cole bombing and the simultaneous renewal of violence between Israel and the Palestinians.
Second, a collapsed currency would have provoked high inflation, since Iceland's substantial flow of imports would have become extremely expensive.
Intermittently, at least since about 1830 and rather steadily from 1850, there has been a substantial flow of immigrant population into France.
By contrast, Europe's richer nations, led by Germany, resist institutionalizing any substantial flow of money toward Greece apart from a modest amount of development aid long made available to Europe's poorer regions for specific projects.
If California does commit to tropical forest protection, advocates of REDD hope other states and countries, and perhaps large companies that buy food commodities, will follow suit, creating a substantial flow of funds.
