Based on the automatic analysis of several behavior indices, three strategies were identified: global and analytic, but also "synthetic," in which the subject solved the problem by relying on gestalts.
If the subjects solved Phase 1 by attending to the functionality of the problem (i.e. the physical/causal relationship between the cloth and food), then reversing the colours in Phase 2 should have no effect on the subjects' performances.
Once the subjects reached criterion, we reversed the association between the cloth colour and the food reward in Phase 2. If the subjects solved the problems in Phase 1 by attending to cloth colour, then in Phase 2 they should have difficulty, especially given prior findings on tamarins demonstrating that reversal learning is difficult.
Korshak, in an ironic twist on the movie's subject, solved another critical problem when Coppola's demand that the film be shot in New York caused mobsters to shut the movie out of locations throughout the boroughs and Long Island.
Nevertheless, only one subject solved the task after 100 trials.
In comparison between subjects solving the case on computer and those solving the case with paper and pencil, the Chi-square test was used for variables measured on a nominal scale.
However, it has been argued that the purest test case in this respect concerns a between-subject experiment in which each subject solves only one single problem [29], [30].
Specifically, we model different cognitive strategies that have been observed for human subjects solving the Tower of Hanoi problem.
When we presented the boxes with the functional rope, we found no effect of having been exposed to a model on the probability that subjects solved the task.
While the two Asian elephants tested by Irie-Sugimoto et al. (2008) needed between 120 and 240 trials to reach a criterion comparable to the one used by us, in chimpanzees (Povinelli et al. 2000) and kea (Auersperg et al. 2009), the majority of subjects solved the on– off condition much more quickly (within 8 10 trials).
