Exact(2)
Although the use of a single measurement potentially makes the study vulnerable to dilution effects, results of a recent population-based study demonstrate that the intra-individual variation in a single serum measurement of 25-OHD is low and that a single measurement is an accurate measurement of an individual's long-term vitamin D status [ 30].
This response rate is consistent with those using postal surveys with patients in primary care [ 19– 21] and with large scale routine NHS surveys in primary care [ 22], but does leave the study vulnerable to bias in terms of the external validity of the results.
Similar(58)
However, these studies usually rely on volunteer study subjects that may be healthier than the general population rendering the studies vulnerable to selection bias [13].
According to the NCH study Vulnerable to Hate: A Survey of Crimes & Violence Committed Against Homeless People in 2013, there were 109 reported attacks against homeless in 2013, roughly consistent with figures over the last five years.
The limited numbers of experimental animals and, to some extent, donor animals would make the present study vulnerable to such variability.
This approach is consistent with the precautionary principle call to study vulnerable populations, and it may yield additional information of value for prevention.
Ethical exemption was granted by the University College Dublin Human Research Ethics Committee in advance of the study (no vulnerable groups, sensitive topics or conflicts of interest were identified).
The results of this study reveal that salinity along with arsenic contamination play key roles in making the study area vulnerable to safe drinking water scarcity, which is aggravated by and becomes acute during dry periods.
However, with the open naturalistic design, non-randomized treatment and lack of control group, there is a possibility of missing associations, as the study is vulnerable to confounders, including use of co-medications.
Our goal for this new program is to provide in-depth and customized education in ethical issues that arise in research conducted with human subjects, such as informed consent, genetics research, and in the study of vulnerable populations.
Developmental pressures and increasing human population has made the lakes of the study area vulnerable to sewage flow, solid waste dumping, etc., in turn exerting pressure on the percolation and infiltration processes responsible for the groundwater recharge (Ravikumar et al. 2011).
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