Molecular manipulations currently allow the study of Xenopus larvae with extra eyes [77], [78], altered brain compartment sizing along anterior-posterior and medio-lateral axes [79], [80], [81], reversed laterality [82], [83], multiple brains [41], [84], [85], hyper-innervated muscles, and altered complements of neurotransmitter receptors throughout the CNS [86], [87], [88].
Recently, OCT and PA imaging have been combined successfully [ 25, 26] in in vivo animal studies, and we expect this multimodal imaging method to be used for the study of animal larvae in future.
While a great deal of evidence gathered from the study of Drosophila larvae points to the conservation of fundamental endocrine regulatory mechanisms of homeostatic blood sugar levels in insects [ 8], the larval stage of a holometabolous insect is a unique period dedicated to prodigious nutrient acquisition and rapid growth.
In the past ten years, the study of the interaction between larvae of the Mediterranean climbing cutworm (Spodoptera littoralis Boisd).
Thus a novel method less affected by tissue scattering and can provide high resolution, label-free and in vivo imaging for the study of various tissues in zebrafish larvae is highly desired.
A laboratory study of larvae in naturally infested logs showed mortality (22 80%) depended on larval instar, temperature, and duration of cold exposure (Safranyik & Linton, 1998).
This work highlights the potential use of zebrafish larvae in the study of components of IBD pathogenesis.
In contrast, the study of maize roots attacked by the larvae of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera did show systemic induction [ 24] with (E -ß-caryophyllene E -ß-caryophylleneE -ß-caryophylleneof attack and in adjacemissions.
To establish Drosophila as a simple model for the study of diet-induced T2D, the authors rear larvae on high-calorie diets.
For the study of the host immune response to SZPE, larvae were injected with 69 nl of either sterile water or bacterial solution containing approximately 1 × 105 viable or heat-killed (5 min at 95°C) bacterial cells.
