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Lower fitness potential experienced in the stream environment and heritable differences in morphology may lead to and sustain a migratory tactic.
Hatchery fry are stocked, and enter the stream environment, roughly a month earlier on average than is expected for their wild counterparts.
Stream-spawned fish that seasonally delay emergence from the gravel are protected from high flows (Erman and Ligon 1988) and predation (Brännäs 1995), and may enter the stream environment at a time closer to peak spring food abundance.
To the degree that stocking mimics forced emergence into the stream environment, our results may reflect that there is moderate to strong selection for emerging at a relatively advanced stage, albeit this is at times balanced by a risk (e.g. starvation) for fry that delay emergence too late.
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In all three geomorphic settings, the near stream environment often lacks a significant overstory component, and these fluvial surfaces are often dominated by a mixture of woody shrub and herbaceous species.
Although some fry may re-enter the gravel following stocking, most fry likely enter the free-flowing stream environment phenologically earlier than their wild counterparts that naturally emerge from the gravel.
Phenologically, fry stocking was thus estimated to have occurred 43 days earlier than predicted natural fry emergence, resulting in a dramatically premature exposure of fry to the free-flowing stream environment.
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Algorithm FTP-DS has two major features, namely, one data scan for online statistics collection and regression-based compact pattern representation, which are designed to address the time and the space constraints respectively in a data stream environment.
The experimental results show, while, allowing one data scan to meet the time and space constraints in a data stream environment, FTP-DS is able to obtain the mining results of very good quality.
At the same time, extreme flood events may have important long-term selective and genetic consequences (e.g. Pujolar et al. 2011) given the potentially long-lasting alternations to the physical and biotic structure of the stream rearing environment.
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