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The solution processed bulk heterojunction solar cells were fabricated using BT3 and BT4 as electron donor and PC71BM as electron acceptor.
The structural and morphological characteristics of the solution processed ZnGdO nanostructures were studied in detail using the results of X-ray diffraction and microscopic measurements.
The higher quality of the ALD layer in terms of low defect density and low level of impurities with respect to the solution processed approach has been highlighted by electrochemical characterization and XPS analysis.
The solution processed HTL is shown to achieve performance parity with vacuum-evaporated HTLs for several polymer:fullerene combinations and is even shown to work as hole injection layer in polymer light emitting diodes (PLED).
In addition, it is challenging to establish good ohmic contact between the conductive substrate and the deposited nanosheet-based film by the solution processed fabrication approach, which impedes the rapid transport of electrons and then increases the charge recombination.
The slightly higher efficiencies observed with the solution processed ZnO-RGO ETL indicates that the optimum device structure for these OPVs is ITO/PEDOT PSS/PCDTBT PC70BM/ZnO-RGO/Al.
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The vapor assisted solution process (VASP) was proposed to fabricate perovskite thin films, where the solution-processed PbI2 film was treated with MAI vapor [53].
Our results not only present that the double-buffer film is superior than the single film of TiOx and CsOx, but also imply that the solution-processed film has a potential to be generally used in roll-to-roll processed organic photovoltaic devices.
This implies that the hole-injection behavior of the solution-processed WAW multilayer was as good as that of ITO with the vacuum process because the turn-on voltage is one of the factors measuring the hole-injection property of an electrode [15, 20].
For QLED, our previous work had demonstrated the good performance of the solution-processed red LEDs with color-saturated emission, record efficiency, low-efficiency roll-off, sub-bandgap turn-on voltage, excellent reproducibility, and outstanding operational stability.
Thus, as far as mass production is concerned, the solution-processed organic transistor shows promise as a backplane unit with low-temperature processing.
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