However, the liquid fermentation process is relatively simpler than the solid fermentation process (Vendruscolo et al. 2016).
With the semi-solid process suited between HPDC and GDC regarding the core stress, several common and economically efficient lost core systems could be used.
Only the feed zone and clarification mimics were required since the discharged solids process stream was not of interest in this study.
The mixtures used in this study contained an enhanced ratio of the key liquefying enzyme, EGII/Cel5A, to achieve efficient reduction of substrate viscosity in the high-solid process.
As opposed to the powders prepared by the wet process, those prepared through the solid-state process showed an almost pure Li4Ti5O12 phase with negligible secondary phases.
In the non-washed solids process option, the solid liquid separation unit following pretreatment is eliminated, resulting in lower capital and operating costs [ 3], as well as lower waste streams [ 9].
In 2006, Wang and Song synthesized ZnO nanowires array by the vapor-liquid-solid process, which has the potential of converting mechanical, vibrational, and/or hydraulic energy into electricity for powering nanodevices [21].
The solid-state process requires the addition and removal of various chemical components by solid-state diffusion, vapour transport, or the movement of certain fluids such as aqueous solutions.
For the solid-state process, Li2CO3 (99%, Sigma-Aldrich, St . Louis MO, USA) was chosen as the Li source.
Among these, the solid-state process is a simple method that is well suited for production scale-up.
