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All the individual gene-disease networks were then combined based on the shared disease type.
We classified the shared disease genes into genes associated with phenotypically similar diseases (phenosim genes) and those that are associated with phenotypically divergent diseases (phenodiv genes) based on CIPHER score [ 13].
Among the shared disease characteristics are a spontaneous occurrence of tumours, by which females are primarily affected, and a hormonal influence on tumour development (e.g. oestrogen and progesterone) (as reviewed by Queiroga et al. 2011 [ 9]).
However, the balkanization of cancers by causative mutation or tissue of origin ignores the shared disease physiology in most cancers as highlighted by the 'hallmarks of cancer' (Hanahan and Weinberg, 2011).
If a gene is associated with only one disease it was classified as specific disease gene and if it is associated with more than one disease it belonged to the shared disease genes category.
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Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is the most shared disease among auto-inflammatory diseases.
Because of the difficulties in arresting progression of diabetes mellitus, achieving lifetime remission from BD, and the high stakes involved in both diseases, new treatment avenues, especially those that treat the potentially shared disease mechanisms of diabetes mellitus and BD, are desirable.
At local level, systems developed for HIV treatment and monitoring could form the basis for the development of shared disease and treatment registries.
Then, we reviewed the evidence for shared disease mechanisms between BD and diabetes mellitus.
E.g., in one analysis, the enrichment of shared disease genes between adjacent diseases in their inferred disease-disease network is shown.
Both the NALP3 (NLRP3, CIAS1) and MEFV genes were also associated with psoriatic juvenile idiopathic arthritis [ 51], suggesting the potential for shared disease mechanisms between various autoinflammatory syndromes, involving abnormal production of IL-1β.
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