This is especially problematic in those studies that do not have any objectively measured equivalents to the self reported problems, as they are then unable to differentiate the part of the association into that of true exposure and that of a socially or culturally constructed bias.
However, in a study of the psychometric properties of the SDQ, the self-report problem scales for emotional symptoms, conduct problems and hyperactivity/inattention were all found to be associated with the relevant interview-based Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) diagnoses.
* Behavioural- or health problems refers to baseline self reported problem.
Furthermore, this study examined whether tooth loss influenced self reported problems of chewing common Ugandan foods, and assessed the relationship of self reported chewing problems with OIDP.
Furthermore, the data are cross-sectional and it is therefore impossible to determine whether the self reported mental health problems are the results of the Tsunami or represent the exacerbation of pre-existing problems.
Furthermore, the data is cross-sectional and for this reason it remains impossible to determine whether the self reported mental health problems are the result of the Tsunami, or rather whether they represent the exacerbation of pre-existing problems.
We will include the Dutch version of the self-report questionnaire Problem Areas in Diabetes Survey (PAID), which consists of 20 statements about common negative feelings related to living with diabetes (e.g., "Feeling depressed when you think about living with diabetes", "feeling discouraged with your diabetes regimen") [ 44].
A large validation study found that a high score on the self-report conduct problems was associated with an odds ratio of 7.1 for having conduct or oppositional-defiant disorder [ 30].
Patients with glaucoma commonly self-report problems with everyday vision-based tasks such as mobility, driving, reading and face recognition, which can have an adverse impact on their quality of life (QoL) [ 1- 9].
While the self-report phone survey yielded lower problem ratings, parents reported more problems over the phone.
A limitation of the self-reporting of "lifetime sexual problems" is that it may capture those with a history of SD due to social, economic, or lifestyle factors instead of progressive endothelial pathology, which may precede larger-vessel disease.
