Six of these genes (21%) showed evidence for selection in the PAML analysis (LRT, P < 0.05, table 1), with the number of codons under selection varying from 1 to 10.
In this paper, we explore high school students' response patterns to matched pairs of multiple-choice items about natural selection, varying item context through the use of plants or animals in the item stems.
All lineages tested showed significant (p < 0.05) evidence of genes evolving under positive selection varying from 54 genes along the human lineage to 162 along the chimpanzee lineage (Table 1).
This is consistent with the interpretation that polygenic traits are under directional selection varying in magnitude and direction as a function of differential selection pressures among different populations in different environments.
Step 3 considered the technical and economic challenges relating to energy recovery and considered turbine selection, varying flow and site characteristics, feed-in tariffs (FITs) and overall project costs.
The uneven distribution of genotypes among ponds could be a consequence of differential selection varying among ponds (selection hypothesis), or, alternatively, of different gamete production patterns among ponds (gamete pattern hypothesis).
Indeed, a model of Symmetric Overdominant Selection varying in space (LOS) or Negative Frequency-Dependent Selection (NFDS) gives similar scenario comparisons to those obtained with the model of uniform heterozygote advantage (SOS) presented here.
This is called balancing selection and it reflects the situation where alleles are retained in a population by forms of selection such as heterozygote advantage, frequency-dependent selection [ 37] or selection varying in space and time that favours some alleles in certain environments [ 38].
J. H. Gillespie, "Natural selection with varying selection coefficients--a haploid model," Genetical Research, Cambridge 21 (1973): 115-120.
Alternatively, these two divergent haplotypes may be balanced polymorphisms maintained by frequency-dependent selection, spatially varying selection pressures, or overdominance.
