CIMT of the posterior wall of the distal CCA was measured as the distance from the leading edge of the first echogenic line to the second line.
The pore-to-pore time (tpp) is the time between pulses from the trailing edge of the first pulse to the leading edge of the next pulse and is used to calculate capsid velocity in the nanochannel and, subsequently, electrophoretic mobility.
The camber is controlled by multiple mechanisms along the span, including the deflection of the leg relative to the body, the bending of the fifth digit, the deflection of the leading edge flap and the upward bending of the wing tip.
The IMTwas measured as the distance between the leading edge of the first echogenicline (lumen-intima interface) and the second echogenic line upper layer of the adventitia) in the far (deeper) artery wall.
The carotid IMT was measured as the distance from the leading edge of the first echogenic line to the leading edge of the second echogenic line using computer software (Intima-scope; Media Cross Inc., Tokyo, Japan).
IMT as defined by Pignoli and Longo [ 13] was measured as the distance from the leading edge of the first echogenic line to the second echogenic line.
IMT is defined as the distance from the leading edge of the first echogenic line to that of the second.
CIMT was measured online during end diastole as the distance from the leading edge of the first echogenic line to that of the second echogenic line.
Thirdly, IMT was defined as the distance between the leading edge of the first echogenic line (lumen intima interface) and the second echogenic line (media adventitia interface) of the far wall.
The carotid IMT defined by Pignoli et al. was measured as the distance from the leading edge of the first echogenic line to the leading edge of the second echogenic line[ 9].
