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He also voted for the Second Confiscation Act of 1862, which clarified that slaves "confiscated" under the 1861 Act were freed.
The Second Confiscation Act, far more drastic than the first, was the great signal of Congress's shift.
The Second Confiscation Act itself hardly merited such vitriol: the absence of any enforcement mechanism or provisions for oversight rendered the act almost completely ineffectual.
While the debate over the Second Confiscation Bill reached its climax, Congress also considered a new bill concerning the raising of black troops.
On Aug. 17, more than a month before he would issue the Preliminary Proclamation, Lincoln signed two laws allowing for the enlistment of black troops, the Second Confiscation Act and the Militia Act of 1862.
As he finished mulling over the Second Confiscation Act, passed less than a week earlier, Lincoln signed the Militia Act, secure in the knowledge that it would go into effect only following a presidential order.
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As with the First Confiscation Act, the confiscation of slaves would be self-executing and require no further legal proceedings.
Nonetheless, the First Confiscation Act marked the beginning of a major shift in Union policy toward slavery.
In August 1861, the First Confiscation Act stripped slaveholders of their claim of ownership, but it failed to clarify whether the slaves were themselves free.
Unlike the First Confiscation Act, passed swiftly under the immediate pressure of the contraband question, winning approval for the second act required nearly the entire regular first session of the 37th Congress.
Two days after Lincoln signed the bill his secretary of war issued the instructions for implementing the first Confiscation Act, immediately freeing hundreds of slaves, and ultimately tens of thousands.
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