As under-sampling technique often leads to the loss of the potential information of the samples, in this study over-sampling technique was utilized to create artificial samples.
Therefore, the pIR-IR225 protocol was used to date the samples in this study (see SI Luminescence dating for details).
No significant temporal changes were confirmed for the class of predominant sources in the samples in this study, revealing that the PAH concentrations in Guanabara Bay sediments are not obviously related to the oil spill event, but rather to long-term anthropogenic input.
Table 1 provides the optical band gap measurement of all the samples in this study.
Light emissions of all the samples in this study were observed by naked eyes in the dark room.
Generally, all the samples in this study are very thin, and the stripe height is roughly 1% of the film thickness.
Nevertheless, identical FIB conditions were applied for all the samples in this study, so it is unlikely that spectral differences between the samples could be attributed to the FIB procedure alone.
According to Figure 4, AdheSE, which had the most acidic pH of the samples in this study, demonstrated higher monomer infiltration (resin tags) and lower hybrid layer thickness when compared to the other adhesives (Figure 4A,B).
If particle-size distributions are found to be similar to the samples in this study, disaster managers may be able to advise on potential hazard through reference to this study, without conducting a full physicochemical investigation.
In Fig. 14 is shown Al versus Fe for all the samples in this study, and it is observed that a relatively good correlation exists between the logarithmic values of Al and Fe (r2 = 0.89 for the bone samples, excluding the teeth).
It is known that a ratio of Mg2+/(Mgreater+) greathanthan 0.5 indicates silicate weathering (Drever 1997), and 80% of the samples in this study area have Mg2+/(Mg2+ + Ca2+) ratio of >0.5 which suggested that dissolution of silicate minerals significantly contributed towards high concentration of Ca2+ and Mg2+ to the groundwater in this area.
