Prior to the measurements, the sample was diluted 10, 50, and 200 times using HEPES buffer and each diluted sample was measured three times following protocols described previously [15].
The sample was diluted (1 1) with the sample buffer.
Finally the sample was diluted with distilled water until 50.00 mL.
Then, the sample was diluted to 50 mL with distilled water.
Then 2.5 ml concentrated HCl were added and the sample was diluted to 50 ml with water.
For the DPPH assay, 0.2 mL of the sample was diluted with methanol, and 1 mL of DPPH solution was added.
If the color exceeded 70 units, the sample was diluted using DM water until the color is in the range of the standard solutions.
If OD595 exceeded 0.3, the sample was diluted with media in order to achieve an OD595 of 0.3, to ensure that plateau growth and senescence did not occur during the 6 h period of NP exposure.
The sample was diluted in ethanol to give a 1 5 volume ratio and sonicated for 10 min. The ethanol slurry was then dripped onto a Cu grid covered with a holey film of carbon.
After vortexing, the sample was diluted 1/4 with homogenization solution.
For sperm counts the sample was diluted in 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) and counted using a hemocytometer.
