The Young's modulus (E) of the sample was calculated by using the relation between the compliance (C = δ/P) and the modulus at a specified contact radius (a) assuming Poisson's ratio of the sample equals 0.543.
The unique rattle structure facilitates the formation of hydroperoxo species on total surface area of the sample was calculated based H2O2 formation.
The lifetime of the optimized sample Zn0.99Al2O4 0.01Eu2+ is 3.0852 μs and the CIE coordinate of the sample was calculated as (0.3323, 0.5538) with high-color-purity green emission.
Inhibition of lipid peroxidation by the sample was calculated according to the following formula: % inhibition = 1 − E / C × 100 (9).
The moisture content of the sample was calculated using the formula by AWPA and it was found to be 52%.
The UV absorbance at 254 nm was measured and the PAHs content of the sample was calculated using the standard curve and function calculated using sterile PAHs standards.
The relative reducing ability of the sample was calculated by using the formula: Relative reducing effect % = A − A min A max − A min × 100%% (13).
Percentage radical scavenging activity of the sample was calculated as follows: % NO radical scavenging activity = (control OD- sample OD/control OD) × 100.
The equivalent concentration of the sample was calculated using this regression equation, and the toxicity evaluation referred to Luan's grading method.
The specific surface area of the sample was calculated using BET (Brunauer Emmett Teller) method, and pore size distribution was determined using BJH (Berrett Joyner–Halenda) model.
From the results, tannin content of the sample was calculated as: Total phenolics − non-tannin phenolics = tannins (mg TAE/100 g).
