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This system actively dries the sample swab by absorbing all the water from the air space surrounding the sample.
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Cell culture is complicated to perform and requires experience to produce accurate results, and it also has more stringent requirements for the sampling swabs and transporting before inoculation [ 21, 22].
The spectrum of an unsoiled sample swabbed with petroleum spirits appears to be very similar to that of pure PY3 pigment.
After obtaining the nasopharyngeal sample, the swab should be shaken vigorously in saline solution, the swab discarded and the vial sealed for further processing [ 24].
Twenty-three (10.1%) of the participants were unable to take correct swab samples as per the instruction manual (subjects directly wiping sampling swab on the teeth back and forth error recorded the highest frequency of 19).
These included freezing the sample on the swab (protocol 1), samples recovered first from the swabs and then frozen (protocol 2), and spiked-in samples frozen without further treatment (control).
Positive results were observed only on day 8 for 3 of the randomly sampled swabs.
On receipt of the samples all swabs are immediately inoculated directly onto chromogenic media and then using the same swabs the DNA is extracted using the BD GeneOhm protocol.
After taking the sample, eject the swab tip into a labelled 2 ml microcentrifuge tube by firmly pressing the plunger at the end of the handle.
On receipt of the samples the swabs were discarded and tubes were centrifuged to pellet the cells, which were re-suspended in 0.8 ml of PBS 1X.
The data collection teams were instructed to increase the representativeness of the samples by swabbing different locations for each environmental site.
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