Because none of these effects were observed during a phonological/semantic control condition, we conclude that the left dorsal IFG and VWFA are involved in accessing the same orthography-specific representations for spelling and reading.
The same happens when faulty orthography displaces attention from meaning to spelling, or whenever consciousness is directed at functions that otherwise are performed automatically.
By contrast, if we rely on phonology in defining lexical forms, then ambiguous words, called HOMOPHONES, are words that happen to share the same phonology but may differ in orthography.
Technically, the Kleinschmidt orthography focused upon morphology: the same derivational affix would be written in the same way in different contexts, despite its being pronounced differently in different contexts.
To increase the possibility of semantic co-activation, the ambiguous prime words selected were all mono-morphemic homographs in Mandarin whose meanings share the same orthographic and phonological representations so that the ORTHOGRAPHY-BASED SEMANTIC CO-ACTIVATION CONSTRAINT can be satisfied.
Thus, this study was designed to examine overlapping versus segregated brain activations associated with three fundamental language tasks, orthography, phonology and semantics performed by the same subjects during a single experimental session.
Observation of children learning to read and write an alphabetic orthography suggests that children pass through some of the same stages in interpreting the code that the writing system itself passed through in the course of its development.
In Chinese, similar phonology was defined as the same rhyme for the second character in the word and similar orthography was defined as the same phonetic radical in the second character in the word.
Specifically, it is unknown if the neurons which encode orthography for reading are also involved in spelling of the same words.
