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Moderate Sn incorporation and n-type doping can be used individually or together to reduce the required strain; and therefore the required voltage, to achieve light emission enhancement.
Comparison of experimental results with numerical modelling shows that failure occurs due to the required strain state; failure is brittle and corresponds to simultaneous breakage of carbon yarns along the three reinforcement axes.
The required strain to achieve a deformation speed of 2.4 mm min−1 was measured in a 500 N load cell.
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The required strain-life data of the P355NL1 steel is also presented in the paper, in a probabilistic form, using adequate fatigue damage parameters.
These models are usually generated in mixed strains (C57BL/6J and 129SV/EV) and then backcrossed into the required strains.
A multiaxial test rig is designed in order to reproduce this required strain state.
In addition, relationships between the order of kinematic-element interpolations and the number of required strain gauges are established.
The films on DyScO3 were very thin (<10 nm) to give the required coherent strain.
At the critical condition for unfolding, the gained strain energy (Equation 4) must be sufficient to overcome a local energy barrier, Ω, where Ω is a combination of adhesion energy and required strain energy to unfold (e.g., local increase in curvature as depicted in Figure 7 and torsional and adhesion contributions) such that ΔUb = Ω.
The presence of the observed secondary and tertiary twins is accounted for in terms of the ease of imposing the required accommodation strains on their neighbours.
Each level is treated as a separate optimization problem until the required objective – minimum strain variance and complete die fill – is achieved.
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