We multiplied the reported estimate by a factor of approximately 1.3, yielding an estimate reflective of all types of problem opioid use, including abuse of heroin and opium as well as RxO abuse.
In the study by Morra and colleagues, the reported estimate of BIR costs at 8.5% of revenue accounted for both public and private payers, but did not include the full range of BIR functional areas in physician practices [ 5].
A study in New Zealand (Hales et al. 2012) was the only one available outside of Europe and North America; the reported estimate from this study was 1.16 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.29).
Having considered issues pertaining to the validity of the reported estimate of coverage, we considered using 50% as the anticipated proportion of immunized children (p) with a view to obtaining the highest possible sample size for the study.
The reported estimate and adjusted OR for closure time were calculated for an increase in platelet closure time of 10 s (rather than 1 s), a choice based on the premise that a 1 s increase would be of limited clinical usefulness.
