Additionally, D2D communications may increase the reliability of cellular communications [5] and also facilitate new types of wireless peer-to-peer [3, 6, 7] and multicast services [8].
However, harsh smart grid environment propagation characteristics cause great challenges in the reliability of WSN communications in smart grid applications.
However, all this comes with several technical and scientific issues like how to ensure the reliability of wireless communications in disturbed environments, how to manage efficiently the low resources (energy, memory, etc).
The reliability of wireless communications over fading channels can be greatly improved by the use of diversity schemes.
Such applications need to work in harsh and complex electric-power-system environments that challenge the reliability of WSN communications.
This made the reliability of their communications network less straightforward, and in so doing introduced an element of strategically relevant uncertainty.
In this case, the increasing number of the secondary destinations can improve the CC-MIMO multiuser systems and can enhance the reliability of wireless communications.
In particular, Katrina severely tested the reliability of the communications infrastructure in the Gulf Coast region, crippling television broadcasts, cable TV and phone service and even the generally resilient public safety networks.
Cooperative multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems can obtain diversity gains by providing copies of transmitted signals with the help of relays to improve the reliability of wireless communications [1 5] and in applications to spectrum sensing [6, 7].
One type of cooperative communication systems is the relay-assisted, where distributed mobile nodes, often referred to as relays, are employed for attaining cooperative diversity, in order to enhance the reliability of wireless communications [5, 6].
