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It is possible to overcome the reflection problem without detailed networks data.
The model above suffers from the reflection problem, since Y appears on both sides of the equation.
This indicates that after correcting for the reflection problem, peer effects become more important.
The reflection problem, as discussed in Section 2, arises because peer behavior affects individual behavior and vice versa.
However, a two stage least square regression is also necessary in this empirical analysis because of the reflection problem.
Although Clark and Loheac (2007)[5] used both the nominated and grade level peers, they relied on lagged values of peer behavior to account for the reflection problem.
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In fact, the partial reflection problem in practical application is of great importance in the design of a harbour or breakwater and mainly for short waves.
In this short note we address the issue of numerical resolution and efficiency of high order weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) schemes for computing solutions containing both discontinuities and complex solution features, through two representative numerical examples: the double Mach reflection problem and the Rayleigh–Taylor instability problem.
As a representative test for the Euler equations in two space dimensions, we have considered the double Mach reflection problem, which implies the interaction of several waves.
The estimation of peer effects is a tricky issue since it runs into the well-known "reflection problem (Manski 1993): the proportion of immigrant peers might capture the effect of unobserved differences in individuals' own characteristics, as well as in school quality and other peers' characteristics.
The two dimensional reflection problem of waves at the interface between the semi-infinite pyroelectric medium and vacuum is researched in greater detail and a numerical example is given.
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