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Exact(37)
Sterillium was more effective than the reference procedure at 3, 2 and 1.5 min (immediate and sustained effect).
Subjects treated their hands with the reference procedure (n-propanol, 60%) for 3 min or the product (crossover design).
The proposed procedure offers additional advantages over the reference procedure [14] in that the former is more sensitive with good accuracy and precision.
The FC-Index was determined according to the reference procedure for wine analysis [24] using a commercial FC reagent (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany, No. 1.09001.0100).
None of the formulations had a log10 reduction after 3 h that was significantly better compared with the reference procedure [mean 1.72 (standard deviation 1.15)].
In the first block the reference procedure reduced bacterial load by 2.43 log10 (immediate effect) and 2.22 log10 (3 h effect).
Similar(23)
At first, urinary biomarker concentrations were compared with the estimated GFR (the reference procedures).
Results of determination of paraquat in natural water samples were in agreement with those achieved by the chromatographic reference procedure at the 95% confidence level.
The typical reference procedure involves distillation followed by pycnometry, which is comparably labour-intensive and therefore expensive.
The application of small volumes of surgical hand disinfectant when using the EN 12791 reference procedure is likely to yield poor efficacy results, regardless of hand size.
Three blinded hand rubs (45% iso-propanol, 30% n-propanol) were applied for 1.5 min and compared with the EN 12791 reference procedure (crossover design).
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com