Exact(1)
Indeed, Martin et al., using an extracephalic electrode montage with the reference placed on the deltoid muscle, found in a relatively large university sample that, in comparison to sham stimulation, repeated sessions (10) of DLPFC tDCS did not lead to a significant improvement in task performance on a variant of the n-back task when controlling for baseline differences.
Similar(59)
This output is conveyed without taking care of the reference place where it occurs.
The ultrasound study began with a B-mode morphologic evaluation of the ocular structures in order to exclude the presence of concomitant injuries and to locate, in the conal region, the hypoechoic central band corresponding to ON, the reference place for the Doppler study of the ocular vessels.
A rapid and unobtrusive authentication method is presented that uses only two frontal electrodes and one reference placed at the ear lobe.
MEPs were recorded using 10-mm Ag/AgCl surface electrodes with the active electrode placed over the motor point and the reference electrode placed over the tendon of the muscle.
Electromyographic activity was recorded from silver/silverchloride surface active electrodes placed over the motor point of the target muscle, with the reference electrode placed distally at the metacarpophalangeal joint of the index finger.
EMG activity was recorded from a silver/silver-chloride surface active electrode placed over the motor point of the target muscle with the reference electrode placed distally at the metacarpophalangeal joint of the index finger.
By contrast, the sensory nerve action potentials (SNAP) were recorded at the index and little fingers with the active electrode placed at the metacarpophalangeal joints, and the reference electrode placed 4 cm distal to the active electrode.
For anodal stimulation, the active electrode was placed over the hand representation field of the motor cortex and the reference was placed above the contralateral eyebrow according to the international 10 20 system for EEG electrode placement.
The experiments were controlled potentiostatically with the tip of the capillary of the reference electrode placed in the center of the ring 1 mm above the surface.
Placement upstream of the working and sense electrodes is shown to be a significant improvement over cells with the reference electrode placed externally.
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