Sentence examples for the reference item from inspiring English sources

One common way to fix the scale of θ is to dummy code the β parameters, where one item is omitted and serves as the reference item.

This may be relevant as we held the first item in any one cluster as the reference item.

In CFA, one item in a factor must be held constant (mean of 0 and variance of 1), and because this item's variability is not calculated, it can lead to spurious conclusions of invariance if the reference item is the source of DIF [ 27].

A large majority of the reference items were basic reference items in the patients with added reference items.

TDC is related to an overall ratio (multiplication factor) between various pairs of subsequent score levels from the reference items.

First, the post-treatment scores of only the reference items were considered for each patient, in total 786 scores from 66 patients.

The patients could be ranked according to their overall level of signs and symptoms by considering the summed score value of the reference items at baseline as a primary ranking criterion and the number of reference items as a secondary criterion.

Following the introduction of all score values in a custom-made spreadsheet ((Microsoft Excel®; available on request) the reference items (including added ones) were automatically detected and Contrast and TDC-values were automatically determined for each patient and the various visits.

However, their mean score level across the reference items (94% and 83%; 100% means a maximal score value of 4 for all items) was not increased much with respect to the mean of the patient from the pilot sample (81%), because many items had a maximal score value of 4 units.

The mean score level of these 2 patients, averaged across the reference items, was only slightly larger than the one of the patient used for tuning the cut-off point, because the mean level was largely dominated by many maximal score values of 4 units (cf. Appendix, section 'choosing two cut-off points of TDC').

The distance protocols (2A and 2B) calculate the distance between a reference item and the closest prediction and will use this to calculate the performance.