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Short stays are the reference group.
The reference group was Black (Table 3).
The reference group is white-collar workers.
a UK-born is the reference group.
Parentheses with text indicate the reference group.
Workers with no opioid prescriptions constituted the reference group.
SWB = 0 is used as the reference group.
The reference group is 18- to 19-year-olds.
a English-speaking immigrant is the reference group.
Gender: male is the reference group, male = 0.
Males were the reference group for the interaction.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com