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High salt leads to the reduction of yield or even death.
A modified Eq. (14) of predicted load-carrying capacity of the strengthened RC column with steel angles and strips are adopted to account for confined concrete strength and the reduction of yield stress to incorporate local buckling of steel angles as follows: P u = m c f c b 2 + m s A s f yl (15).
The identification and manipulation of traits and processes that influence fruit and seed dispersal are therefore of great interest in the development of strategies for crop improvement through the reduction of yield losses [ 23].
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However, high prices of chemical fertilizers result in the reduction of production and yields mainly in developing countries where there are limitations as with regards to tools and inaccessibility of fertilizers (Sene et al. 2013).
In simplest terms it could be articulated with fitting a distribution of the yield based on the observed (recorded) yields, probabilistic yield sampling from the distribution, and determination of the reduction of the yield (burn) to derive the risk metrics.
As seen in Fig. 2, smaller potential is expected with the W+06 model because of the reduction of the yield at ∼100 eV.
Results confirmed the outcomes of the work: the reduction of the yield limit, elongation before fracture, and Young modulus at 380 °C after having been 5 min immersed in molten salts.
It is shown that the reduction of sediment yield is a combined effect of a decrease of flood frequency, sediment dredging and building of dams on the Rhone River and its tributaries.
It has been proposed that the flow with FD ranging from 1.10 to 1.20 is stratified flow favoring the reduction of NOx yield and the flow with FD from 1.25 to 1.40 is mixed flow producing significant amount of NOx.
The decrease in these three yield-related traits in HNIL(H143) was observed in both years (Additional file 4: Figure S4), suggesting that dramatic reduction of seed setting rate in HNIL(H143) is the main reason for the reduction of grain yield.
However, the reduction of quantum yield that results from the inactivation of photosynthesis during high light episodes (termed photoinhibition) is rarely considered in this context, despite evidence that it can significantly affect yield and fitness in crops and model plant species (Zhu et al. 2004; Frenkel et al. 2007; Raven 2011).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com