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A constitutive equation is one that assigns the value of F X,t)—the flux of the quantity considered in terms of C X,t)—the amount of the quantity considered per unit volume so that the problem becomes a mathematically well posed one.
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The sensitivity of the quantities considered to the order and resolution is further amplified following reshock, when the energy deposition by the second shock-interface interaction induces the formation of small-scale structures.
Formula (21) is symmetrical, i.e. consistent with the law of one price, in the sense that each term (FTDCVA i −FTDDVA i ) in (21) corresponds to the negative of the analogous quantity considered from the point of view of counterparty i.
The response quantity considered for the study is peak value of displacement amplification factor (R_{text{d}}) of the primary structure as the stresses in the structural members are directly proportional to the displacement of the structure.
The typical quantity considered in RNT dosimetry is not the mean activity concentration in a volume at a single time-point but rather the mean absorbed dose to that volume.
The key quantity considered by agent i when selecting between options 0 and 1 is the utility difference between the options, Δui si) = ui(1,si) − ui 0,si).
Therefore, the details of the vertical stratification are much less significant for the integral quantities considered in this paper than, for example, for calculating the spatial distribution of the wave field.
The spatial quantities considered in this work are qualitative distances and qualitative orientation angles.
Four of the 11 quantities considered were found to be significant predictors of survival based on likelihood ratio tests (p < 0.05).
Two-factor ANOVA was performed on the observed means of the fungal tef1 α DNA quantity, considering times of sampling (48, 72, 96 and 168 hpi) and treatments (non-pathogenic and pathogenic inoculated samples) as fixed factors to test the significance (P ≤ 0.05) of times of sampling, treatments and their interactions.
This quantity considers bipartitions of the system, and measures the entanglement between the two subsystems.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com