In Australia, because there is no formal, national registration process [ 5], one common and accepted method of assessing a person's proficiency in another language is to use the level of educational qualifications attained overseas, or base it on their overseas work experience [ 5].
The distribution of upper secondary qualifications attained in German-speaking Switzerland in the year 2013 was as follows: EFZ/EBA: ♂: 71.8 %, ♀: 63.1 %; FVB: ♂: 13.5 %, ♀: 12.5 %; baccalaureate and specialized schools: ♂: 14.7 %, ♀: 24.4 % (BFS 2014, owncalculations).
Education level: depicts the highest qualification attained by the household head.
Education was measured as the highest qualification attained and was categorized into: degree or equivalent, some qualifications, or no qualifications.
Educational status was based on the highest qualification attained and was categorized into 4 groups as follows: degree or equivalent, A-level or equivalent, O-level or equivalent, and less than O-level or no qualifications.
Educational status was based on the highest qualification attained and was categorised into four groups: degree or equivalent, A-level or equivalent, O-level or equivalent and less than O-level or no qualifications.
Education was the highest qualification attained upon leaving full-time education and was categorized as less than primary school (up to age 11 years), lower secondary school (up to age 16 years), higher secondary school (up to age 18 years), or university degree or higher.
Education was based on the highest qualification attained and was classified in three groups of educational level: low ("those with less than secondary school or an A-level certificate"), middle ("those with A-levels or Dutch A-level equivalent (VWO) graduation certificate") and high ("those with polytechnic or university degrees").
Education was measured by the highest educational qualification attained and divided into three groups: low (no educational qualifications), intermediate (Certificate of Secondary Education or equivalent) and high (A Levels or equivalent through to higher degrees).
Education qualification was classified as no secondary qualification attained (reference) and attained secondary qualification or higher.
