In Figure 2, the relationship between the IRR and the NGHGR is shown for all the process scenarios considered.
The specific raw material demands and the straw to meal ratios for the process scenarios are listed in Table 4.
The minor increase in the overall heat duty obtained by removing the drying step from the process (scenarios A3 and A4 compared with scenarios A1 and A2) is not inconsistent.
In scenario 2 the butter-making section is similar to the basic process (scenario 1) with some differences in the concentration of whey proteins and in the removal of residual minerals from water.
Simulation of the various process scenarios showed that distillation and the loss of ethanol in the spent okara represent the largest inefficiencies regarding exergy waste and energy usage.
The six process scenarios were modeled and simulated by Aspen Plus® with the resulting mass & energy balance and equipment-sizing used as inputs to economic analysis and environmental impact assessment.
As has been confirmed, the overall production costs and carbon dioxide (CO2) capture cost of the evaluated process scenarios range from ∼$61 to 333 per tonne of product and from $135 to 1091 per tonne of CO2, respectively.
The process of scenario modeling (from the development of scenarios up to the dissemination of the modeling results) integrates participative elements.
Scenario traceability more specifically refers to the process of scenario construction, namely to the ingredients that are used and the process of relating them to each other [24], as well as to the further processing and presenting of them.
Since sugar cane bagasse is used as the only feedstock in the Reference scenario, the electricity opportunity cost is accounted for only for bagasse, even when leaves were added in the integrated process scenarios.
