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Father Willenborg insisted on a DNA test, which showed the probability of paternity was 99.9percentt.
Thus, under conditions of sperm competition the probability of paternity is typically highly skewed towards one of the competing males.
The power of discrimination (PD) ranged from 0.9784 (HLA-A locus) to 0.9887 (HLA-B locus), whereas the probability of paternity exclusion (PPE) ranged from 0.8230 (HLA-A locus) to 0.9353 (HLA-B locus).
Also, WF calculates the probability of paternity according to offspring's given mother.
Such a mechanism would be advantageous for the male as it decreases the risk for additional matings with other males thus increasing the probability of paternity and reproductive success.
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Using the selected 48 SNP set, the total exclusion probability of paternity found for the set of 151 cultivars was high (0.9997) but the number of markers is far too small for a reliable pedigree analysis.
Female pied flycatchers choose their mate on the basis of the brightness of male coloration at ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths (Siitari et al. 2002) and this trait also affects the probability of the male losing paternity in his nest (Lehtonen et al. 2009).
Female pied flycatchers choose their mate on the basis of the brightness of male coloration at UV wavelengths (Siitari et al. 2002), and this trait also affects the probability of the male losing paternity in his nest (Lehtonen et al. 2009).
The victim's male relatives (father, brother, paternal grandfather, and maternal grandfather) samples on DNA analysis were excluded due to multiple allelic incompatibilities while her brother whose genotypes were included at each locus suggested the obligate paternal allele of the product of conception with the confirmation of sister brother incest having a probability of paternity >99.99999%.
This may be the result of one male having a high probability of paternity with multiple females.
Forensic parameters, including heterozygosity observed, expected heterozygosity, power of discrimination, polymorphism information contents, and probability of paternity exclusion, computed using the PowerStat version 1.2 spreadsheet (Promega Corporation, USA), as described by Tereba [68], were used to evaluate the polymorphisms of genetic markers.
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