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This study was conducted and reported according to the general guidelines recommended by the Primary Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) Statement [ 33].
Analyses should be done as close to the primary reporting level as possible so there is minimal delay in implementing the appropriate interventions to prevent disease.
The determination of completeness of excision of DCIS can be difficult for the primary reporting pathologist, but especially in a central review; for this reason, this feature has not been included in the analysis in many papers (de Mascarel et al, 2000; Ottensen et al, 2000).
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The primary reported indication for the associating liver partition with portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) technique is in patients with very low future liver remnant volumes.
The primary reported reasons for use are to aid smoking cessation or reduction, yet a significant proportion appear to be long-term users of both products ("dual users").
The primary reported outcomes were summarized in tables.
For North American trials, the year of publication for the primary report ranged from 1989 through to 2005, with the most frequent publication year being 1998.
The year of publication for the primary report for African trials ranged from 1990 through to 2005, with the most frequent year of publication being 1999.
As most PIs were first authors of the primary report, we assumed the first author was the PI where this was unclear.
The quality of the journal where the report was published[7], as measured by whether or not the journal of the primary report was indexed in the Abridged Index Medicus (AIM) database, did not affect whether adequate allocation concealment was reported.
We found that the year of publication for the primary report was closely correlated with the year when the trial commenced for the 141 trials which contained complete information for both these dates (correlation coefficient = 0.89) and, so, we used the year of publication of the primary report as a proxy measure for the year in which the trial commenced in the full dataset of 191 trials.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com