Following the presentation of these instructions, participants had to complete a tutorial and correctly answer a series of questions to check that they understood the directions regarding how to use this different test format and how it would be scored before they were allowed to continue.
The presentation of the instructions, data acquisition, and data storage were computer-controlled.
For example, lateral PFC activity has been linked with cue specification and elaboration processes occurring prior to the instigation of a reality-monitoring retrieval search (Dobbins et al., 2002; Simons, Gilbert, et al., 2005), associated with the presentation of retrieval instructions rather than target stimuli (Simons et al., 2008).
Each task started with the presentation of an instruction that indicated whether what followed was a reasoning or a memory task.
Because the vector modeling the transient activation of the presentation of the instruction and the vector modeling the sustained activation are correlated, we cannot completely rule out the possibility that there is sustained activation in the paracingulate area.
For each of 4 trial types (Instr Sem, Instr Phon, Self Sem, and Self Phon), sustained activation was modeled as epochs with onsets time locked to the presentation of the instruction and with a duration matched to the length of the delay.
Although the presence of a familiar caregiver is necessary and desirable for assessment of infants < 2 years of age, the parent or other caretaker should be instructed not to interfere with the presentation of stimulus materials, examiner instructions, or the child's behaviors during the test.
Each block began with the presentation of a single character instruction cue, which indicated the upcoming condition, in the middle of the screen for 200 ms. Following the cue, there was a 3800-ms pause before the onset of the first trial.
We combined the presentation of emotionally expressive faces with the instruction to react with facial movements predetermined and assigned.
In relation to the APT, the presentation of the word stimuli, the prime memory instructions, the mode of response and response key assignment were identical to that used in Experiment 1 with two exceptions.
