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Y.L. Kergosien [138] advocates a semiotics of nature in an epistemological sense for analysing interacting biological systems, in order to increase the precision of terms such as "signal" in biology or "symptom" in medicine, and to develop new themes of inquiry into the nature of their biological or medical signification.
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To create an additional strategy for comparison, we used the precision of individual terms reported by McDonald to form a more concise search strategy, removing some of the terms with low precision from the HSSS.
In an assessment of the HSSS123, McDonald found precision to be 7.8% for the years 1994 1997, and reported the precision of individual terms[ 25].
The precision of search term "unlicense*.af".
To improve the precision of search term "inappropriate us*", we excluded the records about rational drug use and polypharmacy by NOTing out "antibiotic* or antimicrobial".
In addition, the precision of measurements in terms of the relative standard deviation (RSD) and the signal to noise (S/N) ratios were also improved.
Note that term matching is implemented with insensitive case matching by which the N-gram matching can be considered to enhance the precision of the matching terms.
For the first corpus, the precision of the extracted terms were calculated and, for the JPED corpus, the F-measure values were also calculated, and the best results were 22.39%, 10.04%, and 5.46% for unigrams, bigrams, and trigrams, respectively.
And from the comparison between Ψ B and Ψ 1, we can see that the difference between them is the factor cosβ, when cosβ is very close to 1, the precision of these two terms are very close, however, Ψ 2 has been ignored in this case of the BPTRS in [18].
Depth of coverage refers to the precision of the vocabulary terms, or the level of detail (specificity) within an ontology.
Considerations include the complexity of the research question, the complexity of the intervention, the prior conceptual development of a topic, the precision of the search terms and the overarching purpose of the synthesis.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com