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These elements of the population system largely determine the capacity of the population to maintain itself within a shifting landscape mosaic of habitable and unhabitable patches.
The proposed methods are developed for population balance systems that, in addition to an advective and a birth rate term, include an external variable which may be fixed (referring to the integration problem), or is to be computed for some prespecified evolution of the population system (referring to the dynamic inversion problem).
The population system under regime switching can be described by the stochastic model as follows: (1.5).
Then we use Euler-Maruyama type approximations of equations (2.1) and (5.1) to simulate the dynamics of the population system.
In real world, color noise can cause the population system to switch from one environmental regime to another.
In reality, except for white noise there is another important environmental noise: color noise, which can cause the population system to switch from one environmental regime to another.
Similar(48)
The results showed that the Lévy jumps can change the properties of the population systems significantly.
It is also necessary to reveal how the noise affects the population systems.
(1.3) It is therefore necessary to reveal how the noise affects the population systems.
Thus, it is important to reveal how environmental noises affect the population systems.
On the other hand, population systems are often subject to environmental noise; therefore, it is important to study how the noise affects the population systems.
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