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Formalin or carrageenan was injected into the plantar surface of the rat paw.
CFA (100 μl for rats, 10 μl for mice, Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA) was injected into the plantar surface of the hind paw, and the animals without CFA injection comprised the naive group.
Formalin was injected subcutaneously into the center of the plantar surface of the left hind paw with slight restraint.
FCA (0.1 ml) was subcutaneously injected to the plantar surface of right hind paw of the rats.
After widening of the osteotomy, the plantar surface of the foot becomes perpendicular to the tibial anatomical axis.
injection into the plantar surface of each footpad.
For the standing test, the plantar surface of the hind paws was placed in contact with the surface of the stationary treadmill belt.
Inflammation was induced by injecting 8 µl of CFA into the plantar surface of the paw, and animals were subsequently tested 48 hours later [27].
We assessed the behavioural responses of these mice to inflammatory pain induced by injection of formalin into the plantar surface of one hind paw.
The filaments, tested in order of increasing stiffness, were applied five times perpendicular to the plantar surface of the hindpaw and pressed until bending.
In this case, the plantar surface of the animal hindpaw was stimulated with a series of eight von Frey filaments (bending force ranging from 0.01 to 2 g).
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