Bisphosphonate drugs have hydroxyl groups on the P-C-P structure (hydroxyl methylene bisphosphonate) and show binding affinity to calcium phosphate of bone mineral [ 31, 32, 35].
Alternatively, during times of severe phosphate deprivation, the phosphate contained in bone mineral provides a source of phosphate for the metabolic needs of the organism.
In particular, we would like to determine whether the oxidized titanium layer of the mini-implant's surface caused a chemical reaction with calcium phosphate of the bone tissue to produce a CaTiO3 byproduct, which may then play a critical role in the chemical osseointegration between Ti and bone.
Interestingly, by modulating the resorption parameters of CaP biomaterials, it should be possible to control the release of bone-stimulating ions, such as inorganic phosphate, in the vicinity of bone cells.
Many current synthetic bone graft substitute materials have calcium phosphate chemistries reflecting the composition of bone mineral, and hierarchical pore structures similar to cancellous bone.
Silicon is known to have an influence on calcium phosphate deposition and on the differentiation of bone precursor cells.
Surface mineralization is an effective method to produce calcium phosphate apatite coating on the surface of bone tissue scaffold which could create an osteophilic environment similar to the natural extracellular matrix for bone cells.
An amide bisphosphonate addend, in conjunction with multiple hydroxyl groups, confers a strong affinity for the calcium phosphate mineral hydroxyapatite of bone.
Apart from the general ability of bisphosphonates to chelate Ca2+ and thus target the calcium phosphate mineral component of bone, attempts to refine clear structure activity relationships had led to ambiguous or seemingly contradictory results.
Studies have demonstrated the efficiency of bone substitutes like calcium phosphate as a filling agent and sufficient evidence exists to support the fact that the joint function is not compromised with time even after the use of subchondral cement [18, 19, 20].
