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The gene coding for CXCL2 was also highly upregulated during the persistent phase of infection.
It has been reported that Pks7 plays an important role in virulence during the persistent phase of infection [ 35].
And M. tuberculosis switches its carbon source from sugars to fatty acids during the persistent phase of infection [ 36].
The results in Fig 5A show that RAG2−/− mice exhibited a higher, more sustained bacterial burden in the kidneys during the persistent phase than immunocompentent C57BL/6 animals.
These observations highlight the importance of the adaptive immune response for restricting S. aureus proliferation during the persistent phase of infection.
Using an experimental murine model of staphylococcal persistent infection, we demonstrate that T cells are critical elements for controlling S. aureus growth during the persistent phase.
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Our observations therefore suggest that it would be of interest to compare the ability of the oppD mutant to cause disease and maintain bacterial burden during both the chronic and the persistent phases of infection.
In the present study, we investigate whether superinfection occurs in the acute and persistent phase of the infection.
The production of H2O2 in plants undergoing stresses experiences a two-phase process, the rapid and transient phase and the late and persistent phase, but more H2O2 is generated in the latter phase than in the former one [ 14- 16].
Strains of M. tuberculosis lacking hspR over-express heat shock proteins and have defects specifically during the chronic or persistent phase of TB infection, a feature which was proposed to be due to enhanced immune recognition [27].
Tuberculosis is characterized by two distinct phases an acute phase where the bacteria are actively growing and a persistent phase where the bacteria are in a slow growing or non-growing state [2].
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