According to the punctualist model, evolutionary trends result from the patterns of origination and extinction of species rather than from evolution within established lineages.
Most importantly, Foote [79] demonstrated that the pattern of raw origination and extinction rates is real despite the possible influence of rock record biases, whereas the exact timing of peaks and lows are less reliable.
The pattern of the origin of the siphonate proboscis four or five times in Mecoptera contrasts dramatically with that of Lepidoptera in which evidence indicates a single origination event for a considerably more diverse clade [ 51].
Our results show that the patterns of retrogene origination are similar and rapid emergence of young retrogenes is observed in all the studied mammals.
The overall pattern of originations and extinctions shows a clear resemblance to the diversity curves illustrated in Figure 2a f.
It is noteworthy that despite apparent similarity between multivincular systems in Pulvinites and Isognomon, the pattern of ligostracum deposition and the ontogenetic sequence of origination of ligamental layers along the hinge line differ between the genera.
"Short of separating origination of securities from research and distribution of securities," said Mr. Vineberg, of Cyrano Equity Research, "the only way for Wall Street to end the pattern of corruption in research is to enforce a strict culture of professionalism.
We compare our time-calibrated phylogeny to temporal patterns of origination and extinction revealed by the Neogene fossil record, and find remarkable congruence between data sets.
Patterns of origination and extinction are similar in all scenarios through the Cretaceous, and while higher richness is evident in the Cenozoic with ghost ranges inferred, the level of richness is stable, compared to the rapid rise in richness found based only on fossil data.
We asked the following specific questions: 1) what is the origination pattern of the mangrove Acanthus taxa and when mangrove species diverged from their terrestrial relatives within this genus?
